477 BC Battle of the Cremera: The gens Fabius is virtually wiped out by the Veientines

387 BC Battle of the Allia: Brennus' Gauls defeat the Romans (or maybe 390)

64 Great Fire of Rome begins, at which Nero didn't fiddle

1185 Battle of Alarcos: Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur defeats King Alfonso VIII of Castile

1536 Henry VIII declares papal authority void in England, so he can divorce his wife

1630 Spanish-Imperial troops storm Mantua amid a great slaughter

1716 Jews are expelled from Brussels, Belgium

1775 Congress authorizes each colony to provide armed ships of war

1779 US Commo Abraham Whipple's squadron takes 11 British prizes

1806 Gaeta surrenders to the French, after a five-month siege

1812 Treaty of Orebro: Ends the Anglo-Swedish War of 1810-1812 (in which no hostilities actually took place) and allies the two countries and Russia against Napoleon

1813 US Frigate 'President' captures 4 British ships.

1814 British capture Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin

1861 Bull Run Campaign: Combat at Blackburn's Ford, Va

1863 Cavalry skirmish near Columbus, Ga

1863 The 54th Massachusetts leads a gallant attempt to storm Fort Wagner, near Charleston

1898 Naval Acton of Manzanillo, Cuba: the US and Spanish light forces skirmish

1907 French troops attack Casablanca

1914 The British Royal Navy extends an invitation to the German Imperial Navy to take part in a fleet week in August

1915 Second Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Aug 3)

1918 US & French forces launch Aisne-Marne offensive

1920 US naval aircraft sink ex-German cruiser 'Frankfurt' during target practice.

1925 "Mein Kampf" is published, and sells badly, until 1930, when it begins to top the charts

1941 SS drowns 40 Jews in Dvina River, Belorussia

1942 Maiden flight of the Messerschmitt Me 262, the first operational jet fighter

1943 German U-boat downs 'K-47', the only US airship lost to enemy action in WW II

1944 Kuniaki Koiso forms a new Japanese government, with the same old policies.

1944 US troops capture St. Lo, Normandy

1945 Australian troops take the Sambodja oil fields in Borneo.

1994 Arab terrorist car bomb detonates at a Jewish center in Buenos Aires, 96 die